A HISTORY OF THE USE OF INCENSE.................................................. 4
PREFACE................................................................................................ 8
End Notes........................................................................................... 16
DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF PICTURES.................................................... 17
PART 1: NON-CHRISTIAN USES OF INCENSE................................... 34
Chapter 1: Incense in Oriental Religions................................................... 35
A: Introductory.................................................................................... 35
B: Egyptian.......................................................................................... 37
C: Babylonian Assyrian and Persian.................................................... 49
D: Indian............................................................................................. 58
E: Jewish............................................................................................. 59
End Notes........................................................................................... 68
Chapter 2: Incense in Pagan Greece and Rome........................................ 82
A: Greek............................................................................................. 82
B: Roman............................................................................................ 85
End Notes........................................................................................... 95
Chapter 3: The Theory of Pre-Christian Use of Incense.......................... 105
A: As a sweet smell........................................................................... 105
B: As a
Sacrifice................................................................................ 111
C: Divine Odour
of Deities................................................................. 116
D: Conclusion.................................................................................... 117
End Notes......................................................................................... 119
PART 2:CHRISTIAN USES OF INCENSE............................................ 127
Chapter 1: Incense During the First Three Centuries of the Christian Era. 129
End Notes......................................................................................... 140
Chapter 2: Incense at Funerals and the Divine Odour of the Saints.......... 147
End Notes......................................................................................... 164
Chapter 3: Incense as a Sacrifice to God................................................ 173
End Notes......................................................................................... 184
Chapter 4: Incense as a Demonifuge...................................................... 190
End Notes......................................................................................... 199
Chapter 5: Incense at Evensong, Mattins, and Lauds.............................. 204
End Notes......................................................................................... 215
Chapter 6: Processions.......................................................................... 220
End Notes......................................................................................... 223
Chapter 7: The Orgins of the Censing at the Consecration of the Altar.... 226
End Notes......................................................................................... 239
Chapter 8: Incense at the Processional Entry and at the Gospel Procession 244
End Notes......................................................................................... 257
Chapter 9: Development of the Altars Censing at Mass from that at Its
Consecration 263
End Notes......................................................................................... 273
Chapter 10: The Fumigatory Use of Incense in the East.......................... 277
End Notes......................................................................................... 279
Chapter 11: The Fumigatory Use of Incense and Censing of Persons...... 281
End Notes......................................................................................... 290
Chapter 12: Censing in the Western Rites at Mass.................................. 293
End Notes......................................................................................... 313
Chapter 13: Censing in the Western Rites at Mass—Continued............. 320
End Notes......................................................................................... 353
Chapter 14: The Developments of Censing in the Eastern Rites in the
Liturgy 366
End Notes......................................................................................... 376
Chapter 15: Maundy Thursday and Good Friday................................... 382
End Notes......................................................................................... 390
Chapter 16: The Histrionic Use of Incense............................................. 394
End Notes......................................................................................... 404
Chapter 17: The Provision of Incense..................................................... 411
End Notes......................................................................................... 419
Chapter 18: The Censer and the Altar Lights.......................................... 422
End Notes......................................................................................... 430
Chapter 19: Incense During the Reigns of Edward VI, and Elizabeth, in
England 434
End Notes......................................................................................... 471
CONCLUSION................................................................................... 479
End Notes......................................................................................... 483
APPENDIX.......................................................................................... 484
SOME WESTERN FORMS FOR BLESSING................................ 509
End Notes......................................................................................... 516
INDEX................................................................................................. 517
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.......................................................... 521